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With giants like Intelhorce gone, cooperatives like those in Ronda, Coín, Antequera, and Alhaurín now practically nonexistent, and production entirely outsourced and replaced by India and China, Málaga’s textile industry in the 1990s was crying out for renewal.

It was then that Charanga was born, a children’s fashion company founded in 1991 that offered a then-novel marketing system: franchising. Currently, Charanga boasts over 230 stores worldwide, including Charanga boutiques, franchises, and shop-in-shops in major department stores like El Corte Inglés.

Around the same time, small and medium-sized companies with a contemporary vision of fashion emerged, focusing solely on the design and marketing of garments. These included Pepa Loves (which started in 1992 as Pepa Karnero), Olimara, and Aerostato—brands that, despite creating fewer jobs than the industry giants, achieved significant profitability.